With Nearly 42 Million Inhabitants, Indonesian City Surpasses Tokyo and Becomes the Most Populous in the World; Check UN Ranking

Another strategy is the relocation of the capital to Nusantara, a planned city in the Indonesian archipelago, with construction starting in 2022 and expected completion by 2045, at an estimated cost of $35 billion. The project faces criticism for encroaching on dense forest areas, affecting habitats of endangered species, and displacing indigenous communities. Between a megacity growing while sinking and a new capital under construction, Indonesia seeks solutions to ensure that its primary city does not become literally submerged.